Country guide · United States
Buying a home in the United States
Pre-approval, offer, contingencies, escrow and closing – how a US home purchase usually runs.
Updated: 04/10/2026
In brief
- Get a written mortgage pre-approval before you start viewing
- Offers normally include contingencies for financing, appraisal and inspection
- Closing is handled by an escrow agent, title company or attorney depending on the state
- Rules and typical costs differ noticeably from state to state
1. Financing and pre-approval
Lenders issue a pre-approval stating the amount they would lend. The size of your down payment affects the interest rate, whether mortgage insurance applies and how competitive your offer looks. First-time buyer programmes exist at federal, state and local level; ask a loan officer which you may qualify for.
2. Finding a property and making an offer
Buyers usually work with a licensed agent who searches listings, arranges viewings and prepares the offer. An offer typically states price, closing date and contingencies – common ones are obtaining a mortgage, a satisfactory appraisal and a satisfactory home inspection.
3. Inspection and appraisal
A licensed inspector examines structure, roof, systems and safety issues; major findings can lead to a repair request or a renegotiated price. The lender orders an appraisal to confirm the property is worth the loan amount.
4. Escrow, title and closing
An escrow company, title company or attorney holds funds and documents. A title search reveals liens or ownership problems, and an owner's title insurance policy protects against defects. Before closing you receive a closing disclosure listing the final figures; at closing the deed is signed and recorded.
Common questions
Who pays the agent commission in the US?
Commission is not fixed by law and is agreed in writing. Traditionally the seller's side paid the brokers involved, but practice has changed and agreements now vary – read your buyer representation agreement and ask what you may owe.
Do I need title insurance?
A lender's policy is usually required with a mortgage. An owner's policy is optional in most states but is commonly bought because it covers ownership defects found later.
Official sources and further reading
National starting points only. State, provincial and territorial rules may add further requirements.
Professionals in United States
Documented profiles of agents, developers, managers, investors and architects, listed in a neutral order.
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General information, not legal, tax or financial advice.